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170 rows where experiment.library_layout = "PAIRED", experiment.library_selection = "other" and tissue_curation = "Whole Organism"

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devstage_curation 9

technology 4

devstage_curation_coarse 4

experiment.library_strategy 3

tissue_curation_coarse 1

tissue_curation 1

  • Whole Organism · 170 ✖

experiment.platform 1

experiment.library_source 1

experiment.library_selection 1

  • other · 170 ✖

experiment.library_layout 1

  • PAIRED · 170 ✖
Link rowid ▼ run.accession experiment.accession sample.accession study.accession bioproject study.title study.alias study.type study.abstract study.attributes study.PMIDs sample.description sample.title sample.alias sample.centername sample.attributes GEOsample.title GEOsample.dataprocessing GEOsample.source GEOsample.treatmentprotocol GEOsample.extractprotocol GEOsample.growthprotocol GEOsample.characteristics GEOsample.accession experiment.title experiment.alias experiment.library_name experiment.design_description experiment.library_construction_protocol experiment.attributes experiment.library_strategy experiment.library_source experiment.library_selection experiment.library_layout experiment.platform experiment.instrument_model experiment.spot_descriptor experiment.study_ref run.title run.attributes run.filename run.semantic_name run.total_bases run.total_spots run.alias run.read_lengths run.base_counts run.r1_length run.r2_length run.r3_length run.r4_length run.Acount run.Ccount run.Gcount run.Tcount run.Ncount run.experiment run.pool_member submission.accession submission.srasource submission.bioprojectsource seqdetective.n_mates seqdetective.mapping_rate.mate1 seqdetective.mapping_rate.mate2 seqdetective.nofeature_rate.mate1 seqdetective.nofeature_rate.mate2 seqdetective.sparsity.mate1 seqdetective.sparsity.mate2 seqdetective.pos_strand_rate.mate1 seqdetective.pos_strand_rate.mate2 seqdetective.readlen.mate1 seqdetective.readlen.mate2 seqdetective.judgement.mate1 seqdetective.judgement.mate2 seqdetective.judgement.reason platform_family instrument_generation read_bias selection_class prep_kit sc_or_bulk tech_class technology tech_variant submission.bioprojectsource.country earliest_date devstage_curation devstage_curation_coarse tissue_curation tissue_curation_coarse
7946 7946 ERR015563 ERX005934 ERS012707 ERP000263 PRJEB2208 Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation E-MTAB-308 Transcriptome Analysis         E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 2 dpf 2 SAMEA898403 Wellcome Sanger Institute Age:2 days|Alias:E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 2 dpf 2|Broker name:ArrayExpress|Description:Protocols: Zebrafish embyos or tissues were collected from a Tuebingen strain incross and grown at 28 C. Collected samples were snap frozen on dry ice and stored at 70 C Total RNA was extracted using Trizol Reagent Invitrogen following the manufacturer's instructions. Pellets were resuspended RNase free 10 mM Tris pH 7.5 and the RNA was quantified using a NanoDrop ND 1000 Spectrophotometer Axon Instruments.|DevelopmentalStage:embryo|INSDC center alias:SC|INSDC center name:Wellcome Sanger Institute|INSDC first public:2010 08 19T15:57:35Z|INSDC last update:2018 03 08T15:25:04Z|INSDC status:public|InitialTimePoint:fertilization|OrganismPart:whole organism|SRA accession:ERS012707|Sample Name:ERS012707|Sex:unknown sex|StrainOrLine:Tuebingen|Title:Danio rerio                 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene 3 prime end pull down for genome annotation E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 2 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert Zebrafish embro 2 dpf mRNA three prime end Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation 20 ug of total RNA was fragmented using RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion for 5 minutes at 70 C and ethanol precipitated with glycogen and LiCl. RNA was annealed to the oligo stBPM1polyT22 biotin GGCCAGTCCTGGAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVN and bound to streptavidin magnetic beads. post washing by pull down on a magnet the bound RNA was reverse transcribed with SuperScript II Invitrogen and a second strand synthesised with DNA polymerase I Promega and RNase H NEB. post further washing the double strand cDNA was released from the beads with BpmI NEB. The cDNA was recovered with the QIAgen PCR Purification Kit and made into a standard Illumina library following the manufacturer's protocol with a fragment size of 250 to 300 bp. Experimental Factor: AGE:2 d|Experimental Factor: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:embryo|Experimental Factor: ORGANISM PART:whole organism|Experimental Factor: SEX:unknown sex RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina Genome Analyzer II   ERP000263 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation ENA FIRST PUBLIC:2010 08 19|ENA LAST UPDATE:2018 11 16 3444_2.srf srf 990308120.0 6515185.0 E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 2 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert 0:76 1:76 A:279665076;C:200433201;G:189692111;T:304366697;N:16151035 76 76     279665076 200433201 189692111 304366697 16151035 ERX005934 ERS012707 ERA010603 SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 2 0.93964 0.94008 0.40095 0.39969 0.74424 0.74915 0.49535 0.49761 76 76 B B biological fallback assumption illumina early_illumina 3prime other unknown bulk unknown unknown   United Kingdom 2010-08-19 Hatching Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
7947 7947 ERR015564 ERX005933 ERS012706 ERP000263 PRJEB2208 Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation E-MTAB-308 Transcriptome Analysis         E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 3 dpf 2 SAMEA898404 Wellcome Sanger Institute Age:3 days|Alias:E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 3 dpf 2|Broker name:ArrayExpress|Description:Protocols: Zebrafish embyos or tissues were collected from a Tuebingen strain incross and grown at 28 C. Collected samples were snap frozen on dry ice and stored at 70 C Total RNA was extracted using Trizol Reagent Invitrogen following the manufacturer's instructions. Pellets were resuspended RNase free 10 mM Tris pH 7.5 and the RNA was quantified using a NanoDrop ND 1000 Spectrophotometer Axon Instruments.|DevelopmentalStage:embryo|INSDC center alias:SC|INSDC center name:Wellcome Sanger Institute|INSDC first public:2010 08 19T15:57:35Z|INSDC last update:2018 03 08T15:25:04Z|INSDC status:public|InitialTimePoint:fertilization|OrganismPart:whole organism|SRA accession:ERS012706|Sample Name:ERS012706|Sex:unknown sex|StrainOrLine:Tuebingen|Title:Danio rerio                 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene 3 prime end pull down for genome annotation E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 3 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert Zebrafish embro 3 dpf mRNA three prime end Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation 20 ug of total RNA was fragmented using RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion for 5 minutes at 70 C and ethanol precipitated with glycogen and LiCl. RNA was annealed to the oligo stBPM1polyT22 biotin GGCCAGTCCTGGAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVN and bound to streptavidin magnetic beads. post washing by pull down on a magnet the bound RNA was reverse transcribed with SuperScript II Invitrogen and a second strand synthesised with DNA polymerase I Promega and RNase H NEB. post further washing the double strand cDNA was released from the beads with BpmI NEB. The cDNA was recovered with the QIAgen PCR Purification Kit and made into a standard Illumina library following the manufacturer's protocol with a fragment size of 250 to 300 bp. Experimental Factor: AGE:3 d|Experimental Factor: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:embryo|Experimental Factor: ORGANISM PART:whole organism|Experimental Factor: SEX:unknown sex RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina Genome Analyzer II   ERP000263 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation ENA FIRST PUBLIC:2010 08 19|ENA LAST UPDATE:2018 11 16 3444_3.srf srf 1572215648.0 10343524.0 E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 3 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert 0:76 1:76 A:395189954;C:374281517;G:356666372;T:420372888;N:25704917 76 76     395189954 374281517 356666372 420372888 25704917 ERX005933 ERS012706 ERA010603 SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 2 0.96337 0.96626 0.12558 0.12974 0.7824 0.79086 0.40731 0.41802 76 76 B B biological fallback assumption illumina early_illumina 3prime other unknown bulk unknown unknown   United Kingdom 2010-08-19 Larval Larval Whole Organism All anatomical structures
7948 7948 ERR015562 ERX005932 ERS012705 ERP000263 PRJEB2208 Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation E-MTAB-308 Transcriptome Analysis         E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 1 dpf 2 SAMEA898401 Wellcome Sanger Institute Age:1 days|Alias:E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 1 dpf 2|Broker name:ArrayExpress|Description:Protocols: Zebrafish embyos or tissues were collected from a Tuebingen strain incross and grown at 28 C. Collected samples were snap frozen on dry ice and stored at 70 C Total RNA was extracted using Trizol Reagent Invitrogen following the manufacturer's instructions. Pellets were resuspended RNase free 10 mM Tris pH 7.5 and the RNA was quantified using a NanoDrop ND 1000 Spectrophotometer Axon Instruments.|DevelopmentalStage:embryo|INSDC center alias:SC|INSDC center name:Wellcome Sanger Institute|INSDC first public:2010 08 19T15:57:35Z|INSDC last update:2018 03 08T15:25:04Z|INSDC status:public|InitialTimePoint:fertilization|OrganismPart:whole organism|SRA accession:ERS012705|Sample Name:ERS012705|Sex:unknown sex|StrainOrLine:Tuebingen|Title:Danio rerio                 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene 3 prime end pull down for genome annotation E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 1 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert Zebrafish embro 1 dpf mRNA three prime end Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation 20 ug of total RNA was fragmented using RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion for 5 minutes at 70 C and ethanol precipitated with glycogen and LiCl. RNA was annealed to the oligo stBPM1polyT22 biotin GGCCAGTCCTGGAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVN and bound to streptavidin magnetic beads. post washing by pull down on a magnet the bound RNA was reverse transcribed with SuperScript II Invitrogen and a second strand synthesised with DNA polymerase I Promega and RNase H NEB. post further washing the double strand cDNA was released from the beads with BpmI NEB. The cDNA was recovered with the QIAgen PCR Purification Kit and made into a standard Illumina library following the manufacturer's protocol with a fragment size of 250 to 300 bp. Experimental Factor: AGE:1 d|Experimental Factor: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:embryo|Experimental Factor: ORGANISM PART:whole organism|Experimental Factor: SEX:unknown sex RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina Genome Analyzer II   ERP000263 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation ENA FIRST PUBLIC:2010 08 19|ENA LAST UPDATE:2018 11 16 3444_1.srf srf 1358041568.0 8934484.0 E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 1 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert 0:76 1:76 A:376045982;C:281568469;G:271365867;T:407279179;N:21782071 76 76     376045982 281568469 271365867 407279179 21782071 ERX005932 ERS012705 ERA010603 SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 2 0.94607 0.94542 0.3002 0.30139 0.73584 0.74038 0.51058 0.51233 76 76 B B biological fallback assumption illumina early_illumina 3prime other unknown bulk unknown unknown   United Kingdom 2010-08-19 Pharyngula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
7951 7951 ERR015565 ERX005929 ERS012704 ERP000263 PRJEB2208 Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation E-MTAB-308 Transcriptome Analysis         E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 5 dpf 2 SAMEA980815 SC Age:5 days|Alias:E MTAB 308:Zebrafish embryo 5 dpf 2|Broker name:ArrayExpress|Description:Protocols: Zebrafish embyos or tissues were collected from a Tuebingen strain incross and grown at 28 C. Collected samples were snap frozen on dry ice and stored at 70 C Total RNA was extracted using Trizol Reagent Invitrogen following the manufacturer's instructions. Pellets were resuspended RNase free 10 mM Tris pH 7.5 and the RNA was quantified using a NanoDrop ND 1000 Spectrophotometer Axon Instruments.|DevelopmentalStage:embryo|INSDC center name:SC|INSDC first public:2010 08 19T15:57:35Z|INSDC last update:2018 03 08T15:25:04Z|INSDC status:public|InitialTimePoint:fertilization|OrganismPart:whole organism|SRA accession:ERS012704|Sample Name:ERS012704|Sex:unknown sex|StrainOrLine:Tuebingen|Title:Danio rerio                 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene 3 prime end pull down for genome annotation E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 5 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert Zebrafish embro 5 dpf mRNA three prime end Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation 20 ug of total RNA was fragmented using RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion for 5 minutes at 70 C and ethanol precipitated with glycogen and LiCl. RNA was annealed to the oligo stBPM1polyT22 biotin GGCCAGTCCTGGAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVN and bound to streptavidin magnetic beads. post washing by pull down on a magnet the bound RNA was reverse transcribed with SuperScript II Invitrogen and a second strand synthesised with DNA polymerase I Promega and RNase H NEB. post further washing the double strand cDNA was released from the beads with BpmI NEB. The cDNA was recovered with the QIAgen PCR Purification Kit and made into a standard Illumina library following the manufacturer's protocol with a fragment size of 250 to 300 bp. Experimental Factor: AGE:5 d|Experimental Factor: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:embryo|Experimental Factor: ORGANISM PART:whole organism|Experimental Factor: SEX:unknown sex RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina Genome Analyzer II   ERP000263 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation ENA FIRST PUBLIC:2010 08 19|ENA LAST UPDATE:2018 11 16 3444_5.srf srf 1399629832.0 9208091.0 E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of Zebrafish embryo 5 dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert 0:76 1:76 A:389123080;C:293319124;G:279736391;T:414876632;N:22574605 76 76     389123080 293319124 279736391 414876632 22574605 ERX005929 ERS012704 ERA010603 SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 2 0.92999 0.9332 0.45309 0.46162 0.72419 0.73919 0.49892 0.50512 76 76 B B biological fallback assumption illumina early_illumina 3prime other unknown bulk unknown unknown   United Kingdom 2010-08-19 Larval Larval Whole Organism All anatomical structures
7952 7952 ERR015568 ERX005928 ERS000087 ERP000263 PRJEB2208 Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation E-MTAB-308 Transcriptome Analysis         ZF male sample1 SAMEA708829 Wellcome Sanger Institute Alias:ZF male sample1|Description:RNA extracted from whole male adult zebrafish without xxx|INSDC center alias:SC|INSDC center name:Wellcome Sanger Institute|INSDC first public:2010 02 26T10:44:13Z|INSDC last update:2018 03 08T15:24:37Z|INSDC status:public|SRA accession:ERS000087|Sample Name:ERS000087|Sex:male|Strain:Tuebingen|Title:Danio rerio                 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene 3 prime end pull down for genome annotation E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of adult Zebrafish male body dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert Zebrafish adult male body mRNA three prime end Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation 20 ug of total RNA was fragmented using RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion for 5 minutes at 70 C and ethanol precipitated with glycogen and LiCl. RNA was annealed to the oligo stBPM1polyT22 biotin GGCCAGTCCTGGAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVN and bound to streptavidin magnetic beads. post washing by pull down on a magnet the bound RNA was reverse transcribed with SuperScript II Invitrogen and a second strand synthesised with DNA polymerase I Promega and RNase H NEB. post further washing the double strand cDNA was released from the beads with BpmI NEB. The cDNA was recovered with the QIAgen PCR Purification Kit and made into a standard Illumina library following the manufacturer's protocol with a fragment size of 250 to 300 bp. Experimental Factor: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:adult|Experimental Factor: ORGANISM PART:whole fish without xxx|Experimental Factor: SEX:male RNA-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina Genome Analyzer II   ERP000263 Illumina Genome Analyzer II paired end sequencing; Zebrafish gene three prime end pull down for genome annotation ENA FIRST PUBLIC:2010 08 19|ENA LAST UPDATE:2018 11 16 3444_8.srf srf 1012667320.0 6662285.0 E MTAB 308:Illumina Genome Analyzer II sequencing of adult Zebrafish male body dpf three prime pull down paired end 250 to 300 bp insert 0:76 1:76 A:262408681;C:234183204;G:228254982;T:271015871;N:16804582 76 76     262408681 234183204 228254982 271015871 16804582 ERX005928 ERS000087 ERA010603 SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute SC|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 2 0.95123 0.96116 0.23163 0.22276 0.77847 0.78648 0.42301 0.43528 76 76 B B biological fallback assumption illumina early_illumina 3prime other unknown bulk unknown unknown   United Kingdom 2010-02-26 Adult Adult Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31943 31943 SRR28790250 SRX24354554 SRS21112322 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq high dose dsRNA2 GSM8228804   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq high dose dsRNA2 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA GSM8228804 GSM8228804: Zebrafish Riboseq high dose dsRNA2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228804 r1 GSM8228804 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     dsR_2.R1.raw.fastq.gz dsR_2.R2.raw.fastq.gz fastq fastq 15877367026.0 52574063.0 GSM8228804 r1 0:151 1:151 A:3017944891;C:2902425937;G:7224440180;T:2731881397;N:674621 151 151     3017944891 2902425937 7224440180 2731881397 674621 SRX24354554 SRS21112322 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31944 31944 SRR28790251 SRX24354553 SRS21112321 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq high dose dsRNA1 GSM8228803   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq high dose dsRNA1 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA GSM8228803 GSM8228803: Zebrafish Riboseq high dose dsRNA1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228803 r1 GSM8228803 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     dsR_1.R1.raw.fastq.gz dsR_1.R2.raw.fastq.gz fastq fastq 13027928774.0 43138837.0 GSM8228803 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2538099201;C:2400262316;G:5852047273;T:2236961902;N:558082 151 151     2538099201 2400262316 5852047273 2236961902 558082 SRX24354553 SRS21112321 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31945 31945 SRR28790252 SRX24354552 SRS21112320 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq high dose uninj2 GSM8228802   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq high dose uninj2 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected GSM8228802 GSM8228802: Zebrafish Riboseq high dose uninj2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228802 r1 GSM8228802 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     un_2.R1.raw.fastq.gz un_2.R2.raw.fastq.gz fastq fastq 13637060056.0 45155828.0 GSM8228802 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2596015831;C:2388366938;G:6201010197;T:2451085273;N:581817 151 151     2596015831 2388366938 6201010197 2451085273 581817 SRX24354552 SRS21112320 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31946 31946 SRR28790253 SRX24354551 SRS21112319 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq high dose uninj1 GSM8228801   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq high dose uninj1 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected GSM8228801 GSM8228801: Zebrafish Riboseq high dose uninj1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228801 r1 GSM8228801 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     un_1.R1.raw.fastq.gz un_1.R2.raw.fastq.gz fastq fastq 13499333560.0 44699780.0 GSM8228801 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2587725963;C:2439789499;G:6080777505;T:2390460459;N:580134 151 151     2587725963 2439789499 6080777505 2390460459 580134 SRX24354551 SRS21112319 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31947 31947 SRR28790254 SRX24354550 SRS21112318 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq low dose dsRNA2 GSM8228800   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq low dose dsRNA2 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA GSM8228800 GSM8228800: Zebrafish Riboseq low dose dsRNA2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228800 r1 GSM8228800 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     dsR_2.raw.1.fastq.gz dsR_2.raw.2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 13335544766.0 44157433.0 GSM8228800 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2383528724;C:2262795235;G:6593680813;T:2094730217;N:809777 151 151     2383528724 2262795235 6593680813 2094730217 809777 SRX24354550 SRS21112318 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31948 31948 SRR28790255 SRX24354549 SRS21112317 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq low dose dsRNA1 GSM8228799   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq low dose dsRNA1 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:dsRNA GSM8228799 GSM8228799: Zebrafish Riboseq low dose dsRNA1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228799 r1 GSM8228799 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     dsR_1.raw.1.fastq.gz dsR_1.raw.2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 12530433302.0 41491501.0 GSM8228799 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2300207705;C:2164355626;G:6050556625;T:2014558360;N:754986 151 151     2300207705 2164355626 6050556625 2014558360 754986 SRX24354549 SRS21112317 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31949 31949 SRR28790256 SRX24354548 SRS21112316 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq low dose uninj2 GSM8228798   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq low dose uninj2 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected GSM8228798 GSM8228798: Zebrafish Riboseq low dose uninj2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228798 r1 GSM8228798 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     un_2.raw.1.fastq.gz un_2.raw.2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 12132018896.0 40172248.0 GSM8228798 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2225485331;C:2027579165;G:5953072417;T:1925141784;N:740199 151 151     2225485331 2027579165 5953072417 1925141784 740199 SRX24354548 SRS21112316 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
31950 31950 SRR28790257 SRX24354547 SRS21112315 SRP503769 PRJNA1104180 Double stranded RNA triggers a distinct integrated stress response in the early embryo [RNA seq Ribo seq] GSE265771 Other Double stranded RNA dsRNA is associated with virus infections and is present as by products during the transcription of synthetic mRNA which has been widely used in gene gain of function studies and serves as a core component in emerging mRNA based therapies1 4. The presence of dsRNA in host cells induces an integrated stress response that functions to prevent virus replication and infection5 6. Unlike differentiated cells undifferentiated cells adopt a distinct defense strategy against RNA virus infection7 but the mechanism is unclear. We show a previously unidentified response triggered by dsRNA in the early embryo. Although dsRNA causes a global protein translation inhibition in a PKR eIF2a independent manner and leads to developmental delay and cell necrosis it also strongly induces p53 activation which then upregulates Interferon Stimulated Genes independently of interferon ligands. Importantly we demonstrate that the burst of p53 signaling dose not result in cell death but functions as a protective mechanism against deleterious translation blockage by slowing down global protein degradation via ISGylation. Our work has identified a distinct dsRNA induced stress response in the embryo reflecting an ancient innate immune memory before the establishment of the IFN system. It also raises the provocative question as to the original protective role of p53 during evolution. Overall design: To characterize the distribution of ribosomes on mRNA we performed Ribosome profiling Ribo seq analysis with RNA seq on dsRNA injected embryos.       Zebrafish Riboseq low dose uninj1 GSM8228797   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish Riboseq low dose uninj1 The library underwent quality control assessment and was subjected to Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing. Bio informatics analysis of RIBOseq profilling was performed to analyze the library data. Assembly: GRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: Excel file includes raw counts for each Sample Library strategy: Ribo seq whole embryo   Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and 3’ blocked linker 5’ rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 3’ was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:50% epiboly stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|treatment:uninjected GSM8228797 GSM8228797: Zebrafish Riboseq low dose uninj1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8228797 r1 GSM8228797 1 Both control group and dsRNA injected embryos at xxx hpf were thoroughly lysed on ice using lysis buffer.The lysate was then centrifuged at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes to remove cellular components including undigested material such as cell nuclei.Then RNaseI was added to the supernatant and incubated at 25°C for 30 minutes to digest RNA while the RNA fragments protected by ribosomes were preserved. Subsequently an RNA inhibitor was added to terminate the digestion reaction. The lysate was subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing single peaks at 260nm wavelength around the 80S monosome region were collected. The collected mixture was then thoroughly lysed using Trizol for RNA extraction. RNA fragments within the size range of 26 34nt was separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without xxx and the corresponding bands were collected. The recovered bands were subjected to ligation reaction where a preadenylylated and three prime blocked linker five prime rApp CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT NH2 three prime was attached to the three prime end of the RNA. The ligated products were then recovered by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subsequently the recovered RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using a reverse primer to obtain extended cDNA molecules. The purified cDNA was subjected to circularization by using CircLigase Epicentre CL4111K resulting in the formation of circular cDNA molecules. To remove residual rRNA components in the cDNA a method involving hybridization with complementary primers specific to rRNA and subsequent heat denaturation was employed. The remaining circularized cDNA was then amplified through PCR and barcode sequences were incorporated.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP503769     un_1.raw.1.fastq.gz un_1.raw.2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 10423454802.0 34514751.0 GSM8228797 r1 0:151 1:151 A:1931094519;C:1788894999;G:5028533789;T:1674294221;N:637274 151 151     1931094519 1788894999 5028533789 1674294221 637274 SRX24354547 SRS21112315 SRA1852128 ShanDong University ShanDong University                       T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina novaseq_era 3prime random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2024-04-24 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32033 32033 SRR28976522 SRX24505963 SRS21254128 SRP506702 PRJNA1109723 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate GSE267086 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To elucidate the comprehensive RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we employed RIP seq analysis on both rbm24a GFP knock in and wild type zebrafish.       Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in IP GSM8259538   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:Rbm24a Knock in|antibody:GFP|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in IP Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer’s instructions. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:Rbm24a Knock in|antibody:GFP GSM8259538 GSM8259538: Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in IP; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8259538 r1 GSM8259538 1 Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer's instructions.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP506702     RIP_KI_IP_R2.fq.gz RIP_KI_IP_R1.fq.gz fastq fastq 6457893104.0 21383752.0 GSM8259538 r1 0:151 1:151 A:975588225;C:2019180290;G:2469634919;T:992947702;N:541968 151 151     975588225 2019180290 2469634919 992947702 541968 SRX24505963 SRS21254128 SRA1863578 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university 2 0.90304 0.86018 0.20083 0.20471 0.96382 0.96743 0.96102 0.98876 151 151 B B biological fallback assumption illumina novaseq_era unknown poly_a unknown bulk bulk bulk   China 2024-05-09 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32034 32034 SRR28976523 SRX24505962 SRS21254127 SRP506702 PRJNA1109723 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate GSE267086 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To elucidate the comprehensive RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we employed RIP seq analysis on both rbm24a GFP knock in and wild type zebrafish.       Zebrafish RIP seq wild type IP GSM8259537   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|antibody:GFP|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq wild type IP Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer’s instructions. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|antibody:GFP GSM8259537 GSM8259537: Zebrafish RIP seq wild type IP; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8259537 r1 GSM8259537 1 Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer's instructions.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP506702     RIP_WT_IP_R2.fq.gz RIP_WT_IP_R1.fq.gz fastq fastq 4501412680.0 14905340.0 GSM8259537 r1 0:151 1:151 A:651609366;C:1285679784;G:1901211768;T:662533141;N:378621 151 151     651609366 1285679784 1901211768 662533141 378621 SRX24505962 SRS21254127 SRA1863578 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university 2 0.96426 0.81361 0.26579 0.2253 0.97784 0.97806 0.8699 0.93379 151 151 B B biological fallback assumption illumina novaseq_era unknown poly_a unknown bulk bulk bulk   China 2024-05-09 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32035 32035 SRR28976524 SRX24505961 SRS21254126 SRP506702 PRJNA1109723 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate GSE267086 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To elucidate the comprehensive RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we employed RIP seq analysis on both rbm24a GFP knock in and wild type zebrafish.       Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in input GSM8259536   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:Rbm24a Knock in|antibody:input|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in input Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer’s instructions. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:Rbm24a Knock in|antibody:input GSM8259536 GSM8259536: Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in input; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8259536 r1 GSM8259536 1 Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer's instructions.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP506702     RIP_KI_Input_R2.fq.gz RIP_KI_Input_R1.fq.gz fastq fastq 9539398726.0 31587413.0 GSM8259536 r1 0:151 1:151 A:2233069830;C:2078359171;G:3009942870;T:2217201959;N:824896 151 151     2233069830 2078359171 3009942870 2217201959 824896 SRX24505961 SRS21254126 SRA1863578 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university 2 0.90112 0.81448 0.02415 0.01993 0.79287 0.79807 0.47884 0.48186 151 151 B B biological fallback assumption illumina novaseq_era unknown poly_a unknown bulk bulk bulk   China 2024-05-09 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32036 32036 SRR28976525 SRX24505960 SRS21254125 SRP506702 PRJNA1109723 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate GSE267086 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To elucidate the comprehensive RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we employed RIP seq analysis on both rbm24a GFP knock in and wild type zebrafish.       Zebrafish RIP seq wild type input GSM8259535   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|antibody:input|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq wild type input Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer’s instructions. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|developmental stage:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:wild type|antibody:input GSM8259535 GSM8259535: Zebrafish RIP seq wild type input; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8259535 r1 GSM8259535 1 Total RNAs were extracted from WT and Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg total RNA was used for following library preparation. The polyA mRNA isolation was performed using OligodT beads. The mRNA and RIP IP RNA fragmentation was performed using divalent cations and high temperature. Priming was performed using Random Primers. First strand cDNA and the second strand cDNA were synthesized. The purified double stranded cDNA was then treated to repair both ends and add a dA tailing in one reaction followed by a T A ligation to add adaptors to both ends. Size selection of Adaptor ligated DNA was then performed using DNA Clean Beads. Each sample was then amplified by PCR using P5 and P7 primers and the PCR products were validated. Then libraries with different indexs were multiplexed and loaded on an Illumina Nova seq 6000 instrument for sequencing using a 2x150 paired end PE configuration according to manufacturer's instructions.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP506702     RIP_WT_Input_R2.fq.gz RIP_WT_Input_R1.fq.gz fastq fastq 14180410302.0 46955001.0 GSM8259535 r1 0:151 1:151 A:3380011534;C:2883841476;G:4593876270;T:3321465622;N:1215400 151 151     3380011534 2883841476 4593876270 3321465622 1215400 SRX24505960 SRS21254125 SRA1863578 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university 2 0.86497 0.64685 0.04432 0.02854 0.79324 0.8031 0.52927 0.53304 151 151 B B mate2-mate1 similar by mapping diff illumina novaseq_era unknown poly_a unknown bulk bulk bulk   China 2024-05-09 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32725 32725 SRR29398864 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 GSM8327220   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327220 GSM8327220: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327220 r1 GSM8327220 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10196913181.0 112053991.0 GSM8327220 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1907833453;C:1411947502;G:1388620349;T:2126120065;N:772082 61 8 8 14 1907833453 1411947502 1388620349 2126120065 772082 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32726 32726 SRR29398865 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 GSM8327220   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327220 GSM8327220: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327220 r1 GSM8327220 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10073565229.0 110698519.0 GSM8327220 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1882668771;C:1393477449;G:1377270278;T:2098291783;N:901378 61 8 8 14 1882668771 1393477449 1377270278 2098291783 901378 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32727 32727 SRR29398866 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 GSM8327220   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327220 GSM8327220: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327220 r1 GSM8327220 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10334862265.0 113569915.0 GSM8327220 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1932620835;C:1429967805;G:1408958497;T:2155416872;N:800806 61 8 8 14 1932620835 1429967805 1408958497 2155416872 800806 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32728 32728 SRR29398867 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 GSM8327220   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327220 GSM8327220: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 2 3; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327220 r1 GSM8327220 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep2_3_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10120552533.0 111214863.0 GSM8327220 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1891306008;C:1401185707;G:1383554545;T:2107193563;N:866820 61 8 8 14 1891306008 1401185707 1383554545 2107193563 866820 SRX24912671 SRS21618605 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32729 32729 SRR29398868 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327219   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327219 GSM8327219: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327219 r1 GSM8327219 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11110219029.0 122090319.0 GSM8327219 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2089393711;C:1503585110;G:1499880828;T:2353645774;N:1004036 61 8 8 14 2089393711 1503585110 1499880828 2353645774 1004036 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32730 32730 SRR29398869 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327219   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327219 GSM8327219: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327219 r1 GSM8327219 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10960533857.0 120445427.0 GSM8327219 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2060454932;C:1484110501;G:1481072325;T:2320147865;N:1385424 61 8 8 14 2060454932 1484110501 1481072325 2320147865 1385424 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32731 32731 SRR29398870 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327219   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327219 GSM8327219: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327219 r1 GSM8327219 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11164280309.0 122684399.0 GSM8327219 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2098548238;C:1513159748;G:1508645874;T:2362720749;N:673730 61 8 8 14 2098548238 1513159748 1508645874 2362720749 673730 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32732 32732 SRR29398871 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327219   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:control and emi1 homozygous mutants GSM8327219 GSM8327219: Perturbation experiment 3 24 hpf biological replicate 1 to 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327219 r1 GSM8327219 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp3_brep1_2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11112051587.0 122110457.0 GSM8327219 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2088203494;C:1504533428;G:1503021684;T:2351948933;N:1030338 61 8 8 14 2088203494 1504533428 1503021684 2351948933 1030338 SRX24912670 SRS21618604 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32733 32733 SRR29398872 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327218   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327218 GSM8327218: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327218 r1 GSM8327218 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10415939716.0 114460876.0 GSM8327218 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1937284334;C:1499506650;G:1405060643;T:2140026232;N:235577 61 8 8 14 1937284334 1499506650 1405060643 2140026232 235577 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32734 32734 SRR29398873 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327218   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327218 GSM8327218: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327218 r1 GSM8327218 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10347954344.0 113713784.0 GSM8327218 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1929648265;C:1483960768;G:1389914714;T:2132824805;N:192272 61 8 8 14 1929648265 1483960768 1389914714 2132824805 192272 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32735 32735 SRR29398874 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327218   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327218 GSM8327218: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327218 r1 GSM8327218 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10349635660.0 113732260.0 GSM8327218 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1930191842;C:1471248043;G:1399416562;T:2136531503;N:279910 61 8 8 14 1930191842 1471248043 1399416562 2136531503 279910 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32736 32736 SRR29398875 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327218   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327218 GSM8327218: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327218 r1 GSM8327218 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep3_trep1_to_4_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10428481518.0 114598698.0 GSM8327218 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1947321872;C:1488626558;G:1403484811;T:2150802963;N:284374 61 8 8 14 1947321872 1488626558 1403484811 2150802963 284374 SRX24912669 SRS21618603 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32737 32737 SRR29398876 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 GSM8327217   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327217 GSM8327217: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327217 r1 GSM8327217 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9307639614.0 102281754.0 GSM8327217 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1721795009;C:1288169328;G:1244888947;T:1984236555;N:97155 61 8 8 14 1721795009 1288169328 1244888947 1984236555 97155 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32738 32738 SRR29398877 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 GSM8327217   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327217 GSM8327217: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327217 r1 GSM8327217 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9113682123.0 100150353.0 GSM8327217 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1686097187;C:1259089439;G:1218258982;T:1945625439;N:100486 61 8 8 14 1686097187 1259089439 1218258982 1945625439 100486 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32739 32739 SRR29398878 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 GSM8327217   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327217 GSM8327217: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327217 r1 GSM8327217 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9286087720.0 102044920.0 GSM8327217 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1716420906;C:1285666517;G:1243365905;T:1979187027;N:99765 61 8 8 14 1716420906 1285666517 1243365905 1979187027 99765 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32740 32740 SRR29398879 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 GSM8327217   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327217 GSM8327217: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 to 6; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327217 r1 GSM8327217 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep2_trep1_to_6_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9274368740.0 101916140.0 GSM8327217 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1714501829;C:1283534271;G:1240916416;T:1977833740;N:98284 61 8 8 14 1714501829 1283534271 1240916416 1977833740 98284 SRX24912668 SRS21618601 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32741 32741 SRR29398880 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327216   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327216 GSM8327216: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327216 r1 GSM8327216 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10478915720.0 115152920.0 GSM8327216 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1736895270;C:1397254088;G:1357881943;T:2531770836;N:525983 61 8 8 14 1736895270 1397254088 1357881943 2531770836 525983 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32742 32742 SRR29398881 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327216   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327216 GSM8327216: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327216 r1 GSM8327216 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10976773171.0 120623881.0 GSM8327216 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1854295106;C:1459958363;G:1422957853;T:2620345368;N:500051 61 8 8 14 1854295106 1459958363 1422957853 2620345368 500051 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32743 32743 SRR29398882 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327216   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327216 GSM8327216: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327216 r1 GSM8327216 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10970493898.0 120554878.0 GSM8327216 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1804346523;C:1462166175;G:1421809080;T:2665109964;N:415816 61 8 8 14 1804346523 1462166175 1421809080 2665109964 415816 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32744 32744 SRR29398883 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 GSM8327216   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327216 GSM8327216: Perturbation experiment 2 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 to 4; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327216 r1 GSM8327216 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp2_brep1_trep1_2_3_4_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11081541198.0 121775178.0 GSM8327216 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1869228214;C:1474483692;G:1435361382;T:2648837266;N:375304 61 8 8 14 1869228214 1474483692 1435361382 2648837266 375304 SRX24912667 SRS21618602 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32745 32745 SRR29398884 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327215   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327215 GSM8327215: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327215 r1 GSM8327215 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9825258079.0 107969869.0 GSM8327215 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1892998816;C:1448298491;G:1287308183;T:1956393917;N:1162602 61 8 8 14 1892998816 1448298491 1287308183 1956393917 1162602 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32746 32746 SRR29398885 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327215   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327215 GSM8327215: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327215 r1 GSM8327215 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9797467225.0 107664475.0 GSM8327215 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1884493825;C:1436463441;G:1294831461;T:1950665696;N:1078552 61 8 8 14 1884493825 1436463441 1294831461 1950665696 1078552 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32747 32747 SRR29398886 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327215   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327215 GSM8327215: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327215 r1 GSM8327215 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9945377715.0 109289865.0 GSM8327215 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1919403458;C:1456796407;G:1307295125;T:1982126987;N:1059788 61 8 8 14 1919403458 1456796407 1307295125 1982126987 1059788 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32748 32748 SRR29398887 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327215   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327215 GSM8327215: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327215 r1 GSM8327215 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep3_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 9799158005.0 107683055.0 GSM8327215 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1887332404;C:1443564157;G:1288767599;T:1948048686;N:953509 61 8 8 14 1887332404 1443564157 1288767599 1948048686 953509 SRX24912666 SRS21618600 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32749 32749 SRR29398888 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 5753105540.0 63220940.0 GSM8327213 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1174237214;C:759555395;G:705449866;T:1217212379;N:22486 61 8 8 14 1174237214 759555395 705449866 1217212379 22486 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32750 32750 SRR29398889 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 5588689379.0 61414169.0 GSM8327213 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1135353331;C:739291995;G:689386853;T:1182212845;N:19285 61 8 8 14 1135353331 739291995 689386853 1182212845 19285 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32751 32751 SRR29398890 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 5731949769.0 62988459.0 GSM8327213 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1167937533;C:754846871;G:708985526;T:1210491951;N:34118 61 8 8 14 1167937533 754846871 708985526 1210491951 34118 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32752 32752 SRR29398891 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 7183714902.0 78941922.0 GSM8327213 r6 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1413777790;C:968745759;G:906288455;T:1526622859;N:22379 61 8 8 14 1413777790 968745759 906288455 1526622859 22379 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32753 32753 SRR29398892 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 7347837315.0 80745465.0 GSM8327213 r7 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1442258471;C:999458019;G:933530375;T:1550199068;N:27432 61 8 8 14 1442258471 999458019 933530375 1550199068 27432 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32754 32754 SRR29398893 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 7549030853.0 82956383.0 GSM8327213 r8 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1483634179;C:1026783953;G:942155543;T:1607740711;N:24977 61 8 8 14 1483634179 1026783953 942155543 1607740711 24977 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32755 32755 SRR29398906 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 5617759875.0 61733625.0 GSM8327213 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1141997479;C:743305987;G:692463270;T:1187966465;N:17924 61 8 8 14 1141997479 743305987 692463270 1187966465 17924 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32756 32756 SRR29398907 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327213   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327213 GSM8327213: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 14 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327213 r1 GSM8327213 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 7274157527.0 79935797.0 GSM8327213 r5 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1431076165;C:991014006;G:919281150;T:1534687447;N:24849 61 8 8 14 1431076165 991014006 919281150 1534687447 24849 SRX24912665 SRS21618599 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32757 32757 SRR29398894 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10423478247.0 114543717.0 GSM8327214 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2025794098;C:1533084111;G:1357456923;T:2070555537;N:276068 61 8 8 14 2025794098 1533084111 1357456923 2070555537 276068 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32758 32758 SRR29398895 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10655252153.0 117090683.0 GSM8327214 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2076209515;C:1557182701;G:1384355121;T:2124543476;N:240850 61 8 8 14 2076209515 1557182701 1384355121 2124543476 240850 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32759 32759 SRR29398896 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10684967475.0 117417225.0 GSM8327214 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2080492208;C:1561134821;G:1396957165;T:2123612525;N:254006 61 8 8 14 2080492208 1561134821 1396957165 2123612525 254006 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32760 32760 SRR29398897 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001_run1.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001_run1.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10707189584.0 117661424.0 GSM8327214 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2083689453;C:1573371636;G:1391615902;T:2128351952;N:317921 61 8 8 14 2083689453 1573371636 1391615902 2128351952 317921 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32761 32761 SRR29398898 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11030224205.0 121211255.0 GSM8327214 r5 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2183422666;C:1601517274;G:1426241368;T:2178932541;N:3772706 61 8 8 14 2183422666 1601517274 1426241368 2178932541 3772706 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32762 32762 SRR29398899 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11030253234.0 121211574.0 GSM8327214 r6 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2188443587;C:1589039147;G:1426719226;T:2185985975;N:3718079 61 8 8 14 2188443587 1589039147 1426719226 2185985975 3718079 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32763 32763 SRR29398900 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11084660405.0 121809455.0 GSM8327214 r7 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2203007980;C:1596382135;G:1428403216;T:2199749125;N:2834299 61 8 8 14 2203007980 1596382135 1428403216 2199749125 2834299 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32764 32764 SRR29398901 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 GSM8327214   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 6 hpf GSM8327214 GSM8327214: Perturbation experiment 1 6 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327214 r1 GSM8327214 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001_run2.fastq.gz pert_exp1_brep2_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001_run2.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 11063671801.0 121578811.0 GSM8327214 r8 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2194629946;C:1601965741;G:1426892122;T:2190032980;N:2786682 61 8 8 14 2194629946 1601965741 1426892122 2190032980 2786682 SRX24912664 SRS21618598 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32765 32765 SRR29398902 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 GSM8327212   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327212 GSM8327212: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327212 r1 GSM8327212 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12384624343.0 136094773.0 GSM8327212 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2294297792;C:1657100436;G:1635865148;T:2714342859;N:174918 61 8 8 14 2294297792 1657100436 1635865148 2714342859 174918 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32766 32766 SRR29398903 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 GSM8327212   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327212 GSM8327212: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327212 r1 GSM8327212 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12315448600.0 135334600.0 GSM8327212 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2283746259;C:1642777354;G:1624372665;T:2704362532;N:151790 61 8 8 14 2283746259 1642777354 1624372665 2704362532 151790 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32767 32767 SRR29398904 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 GSM8327212   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327212 GSM8327212: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327212 r1 GSM8327212 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12523818580.0 137624380.0 GSM8327212 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2324226717;C:1670367024;G:1657065051;T:2743216042;N:212346 61 8 8 14 2324226717 1670367024 1657065051 2743216042 212346 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32768 32768 SRR29398905 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 GSM8327212   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327212 GSM8327212: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327212 r1 GSM8327212 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep2_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12439046074.0 136692814.0 GSM8327212 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2308308565;C:1661073675;G:1642305225;T:2726252574;N:321615 61 8 8 14 2308308565 1661073675 1642305225 2726252574 321615 SRX24912663 SRS21618597 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32769 32769 SRR29398908 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 GSM8327211   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327211 GSM8327211: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327211 r1 GSM8327211 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 13075759970.0 143689670.0 GSM8327211 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2455617490;C:1722060255;G:1704083809;T:2882118632;N:1189684 61 8 8 14 2455617490 1722060255 1704083809 2882118632 1189684 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32770 32770 SRR29398909 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 GSM8327211   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327211 GSM8327211: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327211 r1 GSM8327211 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12965375878.0 142476658.0 GSM8327211 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2436528726;C:1704297673;G:1691673766;T:2857349303;N:1226670 61 8 8 14 2436528726 1704297673 1691673766 2857349303 1226670 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32771 32771 SRR29398910 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 GSM8327211   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327211 GSM8327211: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327211 r1 GSM8327211 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 13020225309.0 143079399.0 GSM8327211 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2448925813;C:1710138232;G:1703095600;T:2864268220;N:1415474 61 8 8 14 2448925813 1710138232 1703095600 2864268220 1415474 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32772 32772 SRR29398911 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 GSM8327211   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327211 GSM8327211: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327211 r1 GSM8327211 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep2_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12968634588.0 142512468.0 GSM8327211 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2438050928;C:1706654424;G:1693567829;T:2853585948;N:1401419 61 8 8 14 2438050928 1706654424 1693567829 2853585948 1401419 SRX24912662 SRS21618595 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32773 32773 SRR29398912 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327210   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327210 GSM8327210: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327210 r1 GSM8327210 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10388141764.0 114155404.0 GSM8327210 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1922552965;C:1416885557;G:1386861514;T:2236850768;N:328840 61 8 8 14 1922552965 1416885557 1386861514 2236850768 328840 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32774 32774 SRR29398913 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327210   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327210 GSM8327210: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327210 r1 GSM8327210 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10440407978.0 114729758.0 GSM8327210 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1932601162;C:1422438299;G:1388104862;T:2254966360;N:404555 61 8 8 14 1932601162 1422438299 1388104862 2254966360 404555 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32775 32775 SRR29398914 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327210   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327210 GSM8327210: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327210 r1 GSM8327210 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10620575238.0 116709618.0 GSM8327210 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1967500221;C:1452601318;G:1411877165;T:2286950505;N:357489 61 8 8 14 1967500221 1452601318 1411877165 2286950505 357489 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32776 32776 SRR29398915 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 GSM8327210   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327210 GSM8327210: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 2 and 3 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327210 r1 GSM8327210 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep2_3_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 10584222740.0 116310140.0 GSM8327210 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:1960717782;C:1446116581;G:1405414187;T:2282206014;N:463976 61 8 8 14 1960717782 1446116581 1405414187 2282206014 463976 SRX24912661 SRS21618596 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32777 32777 SRR29398916 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327209   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327209 GSM8327209: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327209 r1 GSM8327209 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L001_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12138066031.0 133385341.0 GSM8327209 r1 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2284023815;C:1627684270;G:1586353604;T:2638230442;N:213670 61 8 8 14 2284023815 1627684270 1586353604 2638230442 213670 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32778 32778 SRR29398917 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327209   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327209 GSM8327209: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327209 r1 GSM8327209 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L002_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12243894572.0 134548292.0 GSM8327209 r2 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2304388773;C:1639987412;G:1597880933;T:2665024548;N:164146 61 8 8 14 2304388773 1639987412 1597880933 2665024548 164146 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32779 32779 SRR29398918 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327209   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327209 GSM8327209: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327209 r1 GSM8327209 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L003_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12131674828.0 133315108.0 GSM8327209 r3 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2285180187;C:1620399775;G:1589956627;T:2636408789;N:276210 61 8 8 14 2285180187 1620399775 1589956627 2636408789 276210 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
32780 32780 SRR29398919 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRP513754 PRJNA1123686 Cell state transitions are decoupled from cell division during early embryo development [I] GSE269784 Other As tissues develop cells divide and differentiate concurrently. Conflicting evidence shows that cell division is either dispensable or required for formation of cell types. To determine the role of cell division in differentiation we arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos using two independent approaches and profiled them at single cell resolution. We show that cell division is dispensable for differentiation of all embryonic tissues during initial cell type differentiation from early gastrulation to the end of segmentation. However in the absence of cell division differentiation slows down in some cell types and cells exhibit global stress responses. While differentiation is robust to blocking cell division the proportions of cells across cell states are not but show evidence of partial compensation. This work clarifies our understanding of the role of cell division in development and showcases the utility of combining embryo wide perturbations with single cell RNA sequencing to uncover the role of common biological processes across multiple tissues. Overall design: We arrested the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf using two independent approaches: a chemical approach hydroxyurea and aphidicolin HUA and a genetic approach involving a loss of function mutation in the gene emi1 allele hi2648. We tracked differentiation dynamics using single cell RNA sequencing scRNA seq on embryos spanning 6–24 hpf for HUA treated and control embryos and at 24 hpf for emi1 mutant embryos. Overall we have collected multiple replicates for control embryos ABs at 6 8 10 14 18 21 hpf and 24 hpf for HUA treated at 8 10 14 hpf and 24 hpf and for emi1 mutants at 24 hpf. Details about the samples can be found in the supplementary file "sample information.txt"   pubmed:37546736   Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 GSM8327209   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1 Multiple samples are pooled for each sequencing run. Raw FASTQ were prepared from Illumina bcl files in a format compatible with the inDrops.py pipeline. Each nextseq run results in 16 FASTQ files 4 lanes x 4 reads per lane. For some pooled libraries sequencing was run twice to get more UMIs per cell and hence we have deposited 16x2 = 32 raw files for those sequencing samples. The illumina library indices of different samples in a run are provided in the meta data. These can be used to demultiplex the raw file into separate libraries. The read files from an inDrops run have the following content: * R1 001.fastq.gz : contains the three prime UTR cDNA read * R2 001.fastq.gz : contains the first half of the cell barcode * R3 001.fastq.gz : contains the library index for demultiplexing libraries * R4 001.fastq.gz : contains the second half of the barcode and the UMI. All subsequent processing steps from FASTQ files to count matrixes were performed using the custom pipeline for inDrops data analysis github.com/indrops. Single cell transcriptomes were barcoded using inDrops Klein et al Cell 2015. Standard transcriptome RNA seq libraries were processed as reported in Zilionis et al. Nature Protocol 2016 using inDrops v3 protocol. The transcriptome libraries were sequenced on reads Illumina NextSeq 500. Libraries used standard Illumina sequencing primers and 61 cycles for Read1 14 cycles for Read2 8 cycles each for IndexRead1 and IndexRead2. Raw fastq files was processed using inDrops.py pipeline github.com/indrops/indrops. Sequenced reads were mapped to a zebrafish reference transcriptome built from the zebrafish GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 using bowtie version 1.1.143. To obtain the final counts matrix used for data analysis total count filters were applied as described in Kukreja et. al. 2024 method section "Single cell RNA seq Data preprocessing" Assembly: GRCz10 genome assembly Assembly Accession: GCF 000002035.5 Supplementary files format and content: Raw counts tsv.gz: cell ba… whole embryo Zebrafish embryos were arrested for cell cycle using two complementary approaches. S phase cell cycle arrest was induced using a cocktail of drugs – hydroxyurea Sigma Aldrich H8627 5G at 20 mM and aphidicolin Sigma Aldrich A0781 5MG at 150 µM concentration in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in egg water. G2/M phase arrest was induced by crossing heterozygous emi1 wt/mut zebrafish to generate homozygous emi1 mut/mut embryos referred as hi2648 in the manuscript. Homozygous mutants with cell cycle arrest were screened at 24 hpf as they have very clear phenotype by this time – these embryos are smaller and have bent tails and the heterozygous mutants and wildtype are indistinguishable. Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper. AB wild type strains were used for all HUA perturbation experiments. Zebrafish mutant line hi2648 a mutant for the gene emi1 was kindly gifted by Dr. Jennifer Rhodes. Embryos were developed within the ambient temperature of Zebrafish development. Time of fertilization at 28.5 C was used to stage each clutch and this was confirmed using morphological features of the embryos. All zebrafish were housed in a facility overseen by the Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animals our IACUC which performs regular inspections and under which we have an approved protocol for all animal procedures. tissue:whole embryo|treatment:1percent DMSO control and cell cycle arrest at 14 hpf GSM8327209 GSM8327209: Reference experiment 14 hpf 24 hpf biological replicate 1 technical replicate 1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM8327209 r1 GSM8327209 1 Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated using 1mg/mL Pronase Sigma P5147 1G for 5 7 minutes followed by washing in egg water. Embryos were dissociated as previously described in Wagner et. al. Science 2018. Briefly embryos were dissociated in 0.5mL LoBind microcentrifuge tubes that had been precoated with 10% w/v BSA for about 15 minutes at room temperature. They were homogenized in 1XDPBS/1% w/v BSA for 6 hpf to 10 hpf embryos early time points and in 500 µL FACSmax cell dissociation solution Genlantis T200100 for 14 hpf to 24 hpf embryos late time points. Cells were then filtered through a 40µm cell strainer mesh Fisher 352340 and centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at 200g for 1 minute early time points or 300g for 5 minutes late time points. Cells were then washed in 1XDPBS/1%BSA using the same centrifuge settings. They were then resuspended in 1XDPBS/0.5%BSA/18% optiprep density medium Sigma D1556 250ML. Cell concentration was manually quantified using hemocytometer and adjusted to a final concentration of 100 000 cells/mL before encapsulation. Library construction as detailed in Zilionis R. et al. 2016 Nature Protocols. Single cell barcoding and sequencing was done using droplet microfluidics also described in the same paper.   OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA NextSeq 500   SRP513754     ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R1_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R2_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R3_001.fastq.gz ref_exp_brep1_trep1_S0_L004_R4_001.fastq.gz fastq fastq fastq fastq 12104206569.0 133013259.0 GSM8327209 r4 0:61 1:8 2:8 3:14 A:2280991287;C:1619017132;G:1586873006;T:2626722786;N:204588 61 8 8 14 2280991287 1619017132 1586873006 2626722786 204588 SRX24912660 SRS21618594 SRA1898111 Harvard University Harvard University                       B   usable mapping rate illumina nextseq unknown other trueseq sc single_cell_droplet indrops   United States 2024-06-13 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
34614 34614 SRR32137213 SRX27483377 SRS23906281 SRP560121 PRJNA1216205 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate 202409 validation GSE288109 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To comprehensively characterize the RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we performed RIP seq analysis using rbm24a GFP knock in samples with IgG serving as the control.       Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in2 IP2 GSM8759069   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in2 IP2 Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in GSM8759069 GSM8759069: Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in2 IP2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8759069 r1 GSM8759069 1 Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP560121     RIP_IP2.R1.fq.gz RIP_IP2.R2.fq.gz fastq fastq 18215080774.0 60314837.0 GSM8759069 r1 0:151 1:151 A:3824315591;C:5035112770;G:5644328190;T:3707941000;N:3383223 151 151     3824315591 5035112770 5644328190 3707941000 3383223 SRX27483377 SRS23906281 SRA2061743 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university                       B B mate2-mate1 similar by mapping diff illumina novaseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2025-01-27 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
34615 34615 SRR32137214 SRX27483376 SRS23906280 SRP560121 PRJNA1216205 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate 202409 validation GSE288109 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To comprehensively characterize the RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we performed RIP seq analysis using rbm24a GFP knock in samples with IgG serving as the control.       Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in1 IP1 GSM8759068   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in1 IP1 Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in GSM8759068 GSM8759068: Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in1 IP1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8759068 r1 GSM8759068 1 Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP560121     RIP_IP1.R1.fq.gz RIP_IP1.R2.fq.gz fastq fastq 22190472874.0 73478387.0 GSM8759068 r1 0:151 1:151 A:4585155428;C:6233832602;G:6882198251;T:4484977909;N:4308684 151 151     4585155428 6233832602 6882198251 4484977909 4308684 SRX27483376 SRS23906280 SRA2061743 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university                       B B mate2-mate1 similar by mapping diff illumina novaseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2025-01-27 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
34616 34616 SRR32137215 SRX27483375 SRS23906279 SRP560121 PRJNA1216205 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate 202409 validation GSE288109 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To comprehensively characterize the RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we performed RIP seq analysis using rbm24a GFP knock in samples with IgG serving as the control.       Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in2 IgG2 GSM8759067   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in2 IgG2 Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in GSM8759067 GSM8759067: Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in2 IgG2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8759067 r1 GSM8759067 1 Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP560121     RIP_IgG2.R1.fq.gz RIP_IgG2.R2.fq.gz fastq fastq 18588838088.0 61552444.0 GSM8759067 r1 0:151 1:151 A:3864885070;C:5250483318;G:5713729791;T:3756127723;N:3612186 151 151     3864885070 5250483318 5713729791 3756127723 3612186 SRX27483375 SRS23906279 SRA2061743 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university                       B T mate2 technical by mapping diff illumina novaseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2025-01-27 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
34617 34617 SRR32137216 SRX27483374 SRS23906278 SRP560121 PRJNA1216205 rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate 202409 validation GSE288109 Other The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells PGCs. They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase separated aggregates. Rbm24a absent granules fail to undergo kinesin dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase separated condensates. Overall design: To comprehensively characterize the RNA binding landscape of Rbm24a in zebrafish we performed RIP seq analysis using rbm24a GFP knock in samples with IgG serving as the control.       Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in1 IgG1 GSM8759066   source name:whole embryo|tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in|geo loc name:missing|collection date:missing Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in1 IgG1 Each library was amplified by a 15 cycle PCR and 150 bp paired end sequencing was subjected to Illumina Nova seq 6000 to obtain the raw data. Assembly: GRCz11 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text file includes raw counts for each Sample Supplementary files format and content: Bigwig file for each Sample whole embryo   Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow. Zebrafish embryos were maintained in 1/3x Ringer's at 28.5C tissue:whole embryo|cell line:4 cell stage|cell type:embryonic cell|genotype:knock in GSM8759066 GSM8759066: Zebrafish RIP seq Rbm24a Knock in1 IgG1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM8759066 r1 GSM8759066 1 Total RNAs were extracted from Mrbm24a embryos at 4 cell sphere 24 hpf stage using TRIzol reagent Invitrogen and were precipitated by cold isopropanol 50% v/v in the presence of carrier glycogen 20 µg/each sample. 1 μg of immunoprecipitated RNA was utilized for library construction. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed using RNase H based probes followed by magnetic bead purification. RNA fragmentation was achieved through magnesium catalyzed hydrolysis under elevated temperature 94°C for 6 min. First strand cDNA synthesis was initiated with random hexamer primers and reverse transcriptase followed by second strand synthesis using DNA polymerase I with dUTP incorporation for strand marking. Double stranded cDNA fragments underwent end repair and three prime adenylation using a single tube enzymatic reaction system. Illumina compatible adaptors with unique dual indexes were ligated to both ends of the DNA fragments. Size selection of adaptor ligated products 180 250 bp was performed using double sided SPRI bead purification. PCR amplification was conducted with P5/P7 primers for 12 cycles followed by AMPure XP bead purification to remove primer dimers. Library quality was verified by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High Sensitivity chip analysis. Indexed libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and subjected to paired end sequencing 2×150 bp on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform following the manufacturer's standardized workflow.   RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina NovaSeq 6000   SRP560121     RIP_IgG1.R1.fq.gz RIP_IgG1.R2.fq.gz fastq fastq 18008086350.0 59629425.0 GSM8759066 r1 0:151 1:151 A:3736851298;C:5091099145;G:5529269310;T:3647429389;N:3437208 151 151     3736851298 5091099145 5529269310 3647429389 3437208 SRX27483374 SRS23906278 SRA2061743 Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university Ang Li, College of Life Sciences, shandong university                       B T mate2 technical by mapping diff illumina novaseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2025-01-27 Multi-stage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
43454 43454 SRR7169686 SRX4087616 SRS3304345 SRP115900 PRJNA399133 RNA seq profiling of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish hair cell IP vs. whole fish IN GSE102861 Transcriptome Analysis We have developed and tested the efficiency of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish to specifically enrich for and evaluate the translatome of inner ear and lateral line sensory hair cells IP compared to the whole fish transcriptome IN. We show through RNA seq that HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation significantly enriches for RNA transcripts of known zebrafish hair cell expressed transcripts. Overall design: Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA were homogenized at 5dpf and the hair cell translatome was enriched for by HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation followed by RNA extraction. IP samples were compared to input RNA controls IN in independent biological triplicates.   pubmed:29765956   IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep4 GSM3143177   source name:Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA|developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep4 Base calls were performed using the built in Illumina basecaller Sequenced reads were trimmed for adaptor sequence and then mapped to Mouse GRCm38 reference using the TopHat splice aware aligner Reads Per Kilobase of gene per Million mapped reads RPKM were calculated for each sample. Differential expression of genes were computed between infected and uninfected samples Genome build: Danio rerioGRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text files include RPKM values for each sample Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA Untreated RNA was isolated from the immunoprecipitated and input samples using the Qiagen RNeasy Plus Micro kit Cat#74034.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols embryos were grown at 28 degrees C in E3 media until 5dpf developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 GSM3143177 GSM3143177: IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep4; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3143177   1 RNA was isolated from the immunoprecipitated and input samples using the Qiagen RNeasy Plus Micro kit Cat#74034.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer's instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols GEO Accession:GSM3143177 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 4000   SRP115900     RiboZF_IN3_R1.fastq.gz RiboZF_IN3_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 9065897639.0 60495321.0 GSM3143177 r1 0:74.96 1:74.90 A:2375136682;C:2190164060;G:2113095817;T:2385734886;N:1766194 74 74     2375136682 2190164060 2113095817 2385734886 1766194 SRX4087616 SRS3304345 SRA601675 GEO Department: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland in Baltimore 2 0.92807 0.92373 0.0842 0.08335 0.71754 0.72305 0.45254 0.46074 75 75 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming trueseq bulk unknown unknown   United States 2018-05-16 Larval Larval Whole Organism All anatomical structures
43455 43455 SRR5952030 SRX3110524 SRS2445617 SRP115900 PRJNA399133 RNA seq profiling of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish hair cell IP vs. whole fish IN GSE102861 Transcriptome Analysis We have developed and tested the efficiency of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish to specifically enrich for and evaluate the translatome of inner ear and lateral line sensory hair cells IP compared to the whole fish transcriptome IN. We show through RNA seq that HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation significantly enriches for RNA transcripts of known zebrafish hair cell expressed transcripts. Overall design: Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA were homogenized at 5dpf and the hair cell translatome was enriched for by HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation followed by RNA extraction. IP samples were compared to input RNA controls IN in independent biological triplicates.   pubmed:29765956   IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep3 GSM2747297   source name:Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA|developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep3 Base calls were performed using the built in Illumina basecaller Sequenced reads were trimmed for adaptor sequence and then mapped to Mouse GRCm38 reference using the TopHat splice aware aligner Reads Per Kilobase of gene per Million mapped reads RPKM were calculated for each sample. Differential expression of genes were computed between infected and uninfected samples Genome build: Danio rerioGRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text files include RPKM values for each sample Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA Untreated RNA was isolated from the infected mouse tissues using the Qiagen Rneasy mini kit Cat#74104.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols embryos were grown at 28 degrees C in E3 media until 5dpf developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 GSM2747297 GSM2747297: IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep3; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM2747297   1 RNA was isolated from the infected mouse tissues using the Qiagen Rneasy mini kit Cat#74104.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols GEO Accession:GSM2747297 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 4000   SRP115900     RiboZF_IN4_R1.fastq.gz RiboZF_IN4_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 8796307376.0 58697576.0 GSM2747297 r1 0:74.96 1:74.90 A:2326140676;C:2104630190;G:2033251376;T:2330582425;N:1702709 74 74     2326140676 2104630190 2033251376 2330582425 1702709 SRX3110524 SRS2445617 SRA601675 GEO Department: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland in Baltimore 2 0.94186 0.93847 0.08006 0.08004 0.70169 0.70778 0.46714 0.45678 75 75 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming trueseq bulk unknown unknown   United States 2017-08-21 Larval Larval Whole Organism All anatomical structures
43456 43456 SRR5952029 SRX3110523 SRS2445616 SRP115900 PRJNA399133 RNA seq profiling of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish hair cell IP vs. whole fish IN GSE102861 Transcriptome Analysis We have developed and tested the efficiency of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish to specifically enrich for and evaluate the translatome of inner ear and lateral line sensory hair cells IP compared to the whole fish transcriptome IN. We show through RNA seq that HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation significantly enriches for RNA transcripts of known zebrafish hair cell expressed transcripts. Overall design: Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA were homogenized at 5dpf and the hair cell translatome was enriched for by HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation followed by RNA extraction. IP samples were compared to input RNA controls IN in independent biological triplicates.   pubmed:29765956   IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep2 GSM2747296   source name:Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA|developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep2 Base calls were performed using the built in Illumina basecaller Sequenced reads were trimmed for adaptor sequence and then mapped to Mouse GRCm38 reference using the TopHat splice aware aligner Reads Per Kilobase of gene per Million mapped reads RPKM were calculated for each sample. Differential expression of genes were computed between infected and uninfected samples Genome build: Danio rerioGRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text files include RPKM values for each sample Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA Untreated RNA was isolated from the infected mouse tissues using the Qiagen Rneasy mini kit Cat#74104.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols embryos were grown at 28 degrees C in E3 media until 5dpf developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 GSM2747296 GSM2747296: IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM2747296   1 RNA was isolated from the infected mouse tissues using the Qiagen Rneasy mini kit Cat#74104.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols GEO Accession:GSM2747296 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 4000   SRP115900     RiboZF_IN2_R1.fastq.gz RiboZF_IN2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 7407816750.0 49385445.0 GSM2747296 r1 0:75 1:75 A:1965588922;C:1772589081;G:1716538525;T:1951670484;N:1429738 75 75     1965588922 1772589081 1716538525 1951670484 1429738 SRX3110523 SRS2445616 SRA601675 GEO Department: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland in Baltimore 2 0.93743 0.9347 0.07981 0.07938 0.69721 0.70246 0.46381 0.46767 75 75 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming trueseq bulk unknown unknown   United States 2017-08-21 Larval Larval Whole Organism All anatomical structures
43457 43457 SRR5952028 SRX3110522 SRS2445615 SRP115900 PRJNA399133 RNA seq profiling of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish hair cell IP vs. whole fish IN GSE102861 Transcriptome Analysis We have developed and tested the efficiency of the Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA zebrafish to specifically enrich for and evaluate the translatome of inner ear and lateral line sensory hair cells IP compared to the whole fish transcriptome IN. We show through RNA seq that HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation significantly enriches for RNA transcripts of known zebrafish hair cell expressed transcripts. Overall design: Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA were homogenized at 5dpf and the hair cell translatome was enriched for by HA tagged ribosome immunoprecipitation followed by RNA extraction. IP samples were compared to input RNA controls IN in independent biological triplicates.   pubmed:29765956   IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep1 GSM2747295   source name:Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA|developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep1 Base calls were performed using the built in Illumina basecaller Sequenced reads were trimmed for adaptor sequence and then mapped to Mouse GRCm38 reference using the TopHat splice aware aligner Reads Per Kilobase of gene per Million mapped reads RPKM were calculated for each sample. Differential expression of genes were computed between infected and uninfected samples Genome build: Danio rerioGRCz10 Supplementary files format and content: tab delimited text files include RPKM values for each sample Tgmyo6b:GFP 2A rpl10a 3xHA Untreated RNA was isolated from the infected mouse tissues using the Qiagen Rneasy mini kit Cat#74104.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols embryos were grown at 28 degrees C in E3 media until 5dpf developmental stage:5dpf|tissue:whole fish|antibody:n1 GSM2747295 GSM2747295: IN wholefishtranscriptome RNAseq rep1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM2747295   1 RNA was isolated from the infected mouse tissues using the Qiagen Rneasy mini kit Cat#74104.HC translatome was enriched for by ribosome immunoprecipitation using an HA antibody see manuscript for full protocol Libraries were prepared from 25ng of RNA using the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep kit Illumina per manufacturer’s instructions with an additional PCR cycle.RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols GEO Accession:GSM2747295 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 4000   SRP115900     RiboZF_IN1_R1.fastq.gz RiboZF_IN1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 4971869342.0 33177517.0 GSM2747295 r1 0:74.96 1:74.90 A:1277896624;C:1224383725;G:1184225816;T:1284401610;N:961567 74 74     1277896624 1224383725 1184225816 1284401610 961567 SRX3110522 SRS2445615 SRA601675 GEO Department: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland in Baltimore 2 0.94557 0.94195 0.09264 0.0931 0.69785 0.70337 0.48067 0.48526 75 74 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming trueseq bulk unknown unknown   United States 2017-08-21 Larval Larval Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49537 49537 SRR8937007 SRX5717520 SRS4655940 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP BS 3hpf GSM3732427   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|age:3 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody RIP BS 3hpf library strategy: RNA RIP BisSeq Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding m5C sites in one biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:3 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody GSM3732427 GSM3732427: RIP BS 3hpf; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3732427   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732427 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP-BS_3hpf_R1.fastq.gz RIP-BS_3hpf_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 46222984200.0 154076614.0 GSM3732427 r1 0:150 1:150 A:13069130635;C:10120441406;G:10858372086;T:12169793951;N:5246122 150 150     13069130635 10120441406 10858372086 12169793951 5246122 SRX5717520 SRS4655940 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.0063 0.00488 0.00135 0.00112 0.99736 0.99801 0.66703 0.76167 150 150 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49538 49538 SRR8937006 SRX5717519 SRS4655939 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP BS 0hpf GSM3732426   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody RIP BS 0hpf library strategy: RNA RIP BisSeq Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding m5C sites in one biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody GSM3732426 GSM3732426: RIP BS 0hpf; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3732426   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732426 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP-BS_0hpf_R1.fastq.gz RIP-BS_0hpf_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 41224496700.0 137414989.0 GSM3732426 r1 0:150 1:150 A:11515809359;C:9072060634;G:9856717145;T:10775122637;N:4786925 150 150     11515809359 9072060634 9856717145 10775122637 4786925 SRX5717519 SRS4655939 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.00575 0.00421 0.00122 0.00083 0.99738 0.99801 0.70652 0.78053 150 150 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Zygote Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49539 49539 SRR8937005 SRX5717518 SRS4655938 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP INPUT 2hpf rep2 GSM3732425   source name:RIP INPUT 2hpf|strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo RIP INPUT 2hpf rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP INPUT 2hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3732425 GSM3732425: RIP INPUT 2hpf rep2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732425   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732425 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP-INPUT_2hpf_rep2_R1.fastq.gz RIP-INPUT_2hpf_rep2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 16388119500.0 54627065.0 GSM3732425 r1 0:150 1:150 A:3232127065;C:4976385987;G:5052844082;T:3122288663;N:4473703 150 150     3232127065 4976385987 5052844082 3122288663 4473703 SRX5717518 SRS4655938 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.98209 0.9812 0.33332 0.33565 0.93811 0.94186 0.95153 0.95984 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49540 49540 SRR8937004 SRX5717517 SRS4655937 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP INPUT 2hpf rep1 GSM3732424   source name:RIP INPUT 2hpf|strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo RIP INPUT 2hpf rep1 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP INPUT 2hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3732424 GSM3732424: RIP INPUT 2hpf rep1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732424   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732424 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP-INPUT_2hpf_rep1_R1.fastq.gz RIP-INPUT_2hpf_rep1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 18857336400.0 62857788.0 GSM3732424 r1 0:150 1:150 A:3116761123;C:6239715125;G:6450542871;T:3049605751;N:711530 150 150     3116761123 6239715125 6450542871 3049605751 711530 SRX5717517 SRS4655937 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.97874 0.96891 0.03494 0.03355 0.92693 0.93456 0.9502 0.94986 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49541 49541 SRR8937003 SRX5717516 SRS4655936 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP INPUT 0hpf rep2 GSM3732423   source name:RIP INPUT 0hpf|strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo RIP INPUT 0hpf rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP INPUT 0hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3732423 GSM3732423: RIP INPUT 0hpf rep2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732423   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732423 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP-INPUT_0hpf_rep2_R1.fastq.gz RIP-INPUT_0hpf_rep2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 17402218800.0 58007396.0 GSM3732423 r1 0:150 1:150 A:3416144403;C:5315174821;G:5345201218;T:3320906221;N:4792137 150 150     3416144403 5315174821 5345201218 3320906221 4792137 SRX5717516 SRS4655936 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.9819 0.9814 0.33605 0.34016 0.93458 0.93963 0.90172 0.91272 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Zygote Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49542 49542 SRR8937002 SRX5717515 SRS4655935 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP INPUT 0hpf rep1 GSM3732422   source name:RIP INPUT 0hpf|strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo RIP INPUT 0hpf rep1 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP INPUT 0hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3732422 GSM3732422: RIP INPUT 0hpf rep1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732422   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732422 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP-INPUT_0hpf_rep1_R1.fastq.gz RIP-INPUT_0hpf_rep1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 16615204800.0 55384016.0 GSM3732422 r1 0:150 1:150 A:2869477028;C:5392959051;G:5575878422;T:2776252538;N:637761 150 150     2869477028 5392959051 5575878422 2776252538 637761 SRX5717515 SRS4655935 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.97584 0.96561 0.04007 0.03832 0.9262 0.933 0.94642 0.94376 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Zygote Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49543 49543 SRR8937001 SRX5717514 SRS4655934 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP 2hpf rep2 GSM3732421   source name:RIP 2hpf|strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody RIP 2hpf rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP 2hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody GSM3732421 GSM3732421: RIP 2hpf rep2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732421   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732421 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP_2hpf_rep2_R1.fastq.gz RIP_2hpf_rep2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 17557024800.0 58523416.0 GSM3732421 r1 0:150 1:150 A:4454737772;C:4407385601;G:4364085079;T:4328962997;N:1853351 150 150     4454737772 4407385601 4364085079 4328962997 1853351 SRX5717514 SRS4655934 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.96216 0.96226 0.08174 0.08009 0.76907 0.77693 0.68824 0.65939 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49544 49544 SRR8937000 SRX5717513 SRS4655933 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP 2hpf rep1 GSM3732420   source name:RIP 2hpf|strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody RIP 2hpf rep1 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP 2hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody GSM3732420 GSM3732420: RIP 2hpf rep1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732420   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732420 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP_2hpf_rep1_R1.fastq.gz RIP_2hpf_rep1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 5656083600.0 18853612.0 GSM3732420 r1 0:150 1:150 A:1244757394;C:1581273853;G:1666307178;T:1162885398;N:859777 150 150     1244757394 1581273853 1666307178 1162885398 859777 SRX5717513 SRS4655933 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.80705 0.80575 0.2454 0.24923 0.85478 0.85644 0.83319 0.80065 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49545 49545 SRR8936999 SRX5717512 SRS4655932 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP 0hpf rep2 GSM3732419   source name:RIP 0hpf|strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody RIP 0hpf rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP 0hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody GSM3732419 GSM3732419: RIP 0hpf rep2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732419   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732419 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP_0hpf_rep2_R1.fastq.gz RIP_0hpf_rep2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 14319153300.0 47730511.0 GSM3732419 r1 0:150 1:150 A:3633266473;C:3581763715;G:3602109377;T:3500497801;N:1515934 150 150     3633266473 3581763715 3602109377 3500497801 1515934 SRX5717512 SRS4655932 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.96309 0.96299 0.09978 0.09922 0.80012 0.80635 0.7641 0.76535 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Zygote Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49546 49546 SRR8936998 SRX5717511 SRS4655931 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP 0hpf rep1 GSM3732418   source name:RIP 0hpf|strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody RIP 0hpf rep1 Reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1. MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. RIP 0hpf   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|age:0 hpf|tissue:whole embryo|rip antibody:rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody GSM3732418 GSM3732418: RIP 0hpf rep1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3732418   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3732418 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP_0hpf_rep1_R1.fastq.gz RIP_0hpf_rep1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 7807878000.0 26026260.0 GSM3732418 r1 0:150 1:150 A:1698013251;C:2200605244;G:2305251364;T:1602824248;N:1183893 150 150     1698013251 2200605244 2305251364 1602824248 1183893 SRX5717511 SRS4655931 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.89154 0.89105 0.26373 0.26886 0.82477 0.827 0.79125 0.77711 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2019-04-22 Zygote Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49547 49547 SRR7942638 SRX4776903 SRS3857464 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     iCLIP 4hpf rep2 GSM3406904   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo iCLIP 4hpf rep2 RIP seq and iCLIP seq reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1 and BWA v0.7.10 respectively. RIP seq: MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. iCLIP: To identify the Ybx1 targets’ locus the mode of truncation calling was performed. For each truncation position the coverages of unique tag k and truncations m were determined by CIMS.pl program CLIP Tool Kit CTK. The sites were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406904 GSM3406904: iCLIP 4hpf rep2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3406904   1 RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3406904 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     iCLIP_4hpf_rep2_R1.fastq.gz iCLIP_4hpf_rep2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 17432004900.0 58106683.0 GSM3406904 r1 0:150 1:150 A:5027776225;C:3413769313;G:3531157280;T:5459126811;N:175271 150 150     5027776225 3413769313 3531157280 5459126811 175271 SRX4776903 SRS3857464 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.62059 0.61563 0.02838 0.02072 0.95298 0.9628 0.94729 0.94715 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2018-09-28 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49548 49548 SRR7942637 SRX4776902 SRS3857447 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     iCLIP 4hpf rep1 GSM3406903   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo iCLIP 4hpf rep1 RIP seq and iCLIP seq reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1 and BWA v0.7.10 respectively. RIP seq: MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. iCLIP: To identify the Ybx1 targets’ locus the mode of truncation calling was performed. For each truncation position the coverages of unique tag k and truncations m were determined by CIMS.pl program CLIP Tool Kit CTK. The sites were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406903 GSM3406903: iCLIP 4hpf rep1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3406903   1 RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3406903 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     iCLIP_4hpf_rep1_R1.fastq.gz iCLIP_4hpf_rep1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 18547407600.0 61824692.0 GSM3406903 r1 0:150 1:150 A:5264017245;C:3699523947;G:3688768985;T:5894912242;N:185181 150 150     5264017245 3699523947 3688768985 5894912242 185181 SRX4776902 SRS3857447 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.68368 0.67882 0.0342 0.02328 0.95375 0.96623 0.962 0.9572 150 150 B B biological fallback assumption illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2018-09-28 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49549 49549 SRR7942636 SRX4776901 SRS3857441 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP 4hpf rep2 GSM3406902   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo RIP 4hpf rep2 RIP seq and iCLIP seq reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1 and BWA v0.7.10 respectively. RIP seq: MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. iCLIP: To identify the Ybx1 targets’ locus the mode of truncation calling was performed. For each truncation position the coverages of unique tag k and truncations m were determined by CIMS.pl program CLIP Tool Kit CTK. The sites were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406902 GSM3406902: RIP 4hpf rep2; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3406902   1 RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3406902 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP_4hpf_rep2_R1.fastq.gz RIP_4hpf_rep2_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 22888305600.0 76294352.0 GSM3406902 r1 0:150 1:150 A:5927520807;C:4846894836;G:4996844576;T:7111789925;N:5255456 150 150     5927520807 4846894836 4996844576 7111789925 5255456 SRX4776901 SRS3857441 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.2704 0.17205 0.06114 0.06961 0.95879 0.9698 0.94515 0.83252 150 150 B B mate2-mate1 similar by mapping diff illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2018-09-28 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49550 49550 SRR7942635 SRX4776900 SRS3857440 SRP162876 PRJNA493828 Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120646 Other The maternal to zygotic transition MZT is a conserved and fundamental process during which the embryo undergoes dramatic reprogramming to convert maternal environment to embryonic driven programing. However how the maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein through genome wide profiling of RNA 5 methylcytosine m5C in zebrafish early embryos we show that m5C methylated maternal mRNAs display higher stability during MZT. We identify that the Y box binding protein 1 Ybx1 prefers to recognizing m5C modified mRNAs through p p interaction with a key residue Trp45 in its cold shock domain CSD which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cooperated with an mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C dependent manner. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism of RNA m5C methylation regulated maternal mRNA stability during zebrafish MZT highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA methylation in early development. Overall design: Examination of Ybx1 binding sites and Ybx1 binding m5C sites in zebrafish embryo. RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated i… parent bioproject:PRJNA534030     RIP 4hpf rep1 GSM3406901   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo RIP 4hpf rep1 RIP seq and iCLIP seq reads were aligned to the zv9 genome assembly using TopHat v2.1.1 and BWA v0.7.10 respectively. RIP seq: MACS2 v2.1.1 were used for the peak calling and peaks were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. iCLIP: To identify the Ybx1 targets’ locus the mode of truncation calling was performed. For each truncation position the coverages of unique tag k and truncations m were determined by CIMS.pl program CLIP Tool Kit CTK. The sites were annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 Supplementary files format and content: Ybx1 binding sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp.   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406901 GSM3406901: RIP 4hpf rep1; Danio rerio; RIP Seq GSM3406901   1 RIP seq: Briefly 500 zebrafish embryos at shield stage 4 hpf were resuspended with 2 ml lysis buffer 150 mM KCl 10 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.5% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 1:100 protease inhibitor cocktail 0.4 U/μl RNasin by rotating at 4°C for 30 min and centrifuged at 15 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and pre cleared with protein A Dynabeads by rotation at 4°C for 1 h. 50 μl pre cleared embryo lysate was saved as Input and the left were incubated with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti Ybx1 antibody prepared by AbMax China and 30 μl Protein A Dynabeads for 4 h at 4°C or overnight. post washing with1 ml ice cold NT2 buffer 200 mM NaCl 50 mM HEPES pH 7.6 2 mM EDTA 0.05% NP 40 0.5 mM DTT 0.4U/µl RNasin for eight times and once with 1ml ice cold 1× PK buffer 100 mM Tris HCl pH 7.4 50 mM NaCl 10 mM EDTA 0.2% SDS the beads was treated in 200 ul PK buffer containing 20 ul proteinase K Roche 0311582001 for 1 h at 55°C. The solution was collected and subjected to RNA extraction with Acid Phenol: ChCl3 pH4.34.7 and ethanol precipitation. The Input RNA was extracted by using TRIzol reagent. Both the Input and IP RNA were treated by TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen AM2238. iCLIP seq: 1000 zebrafish embryos at 4 hpf were irradiated twice with 0.8 J/cm2 Stratalinker 2400 Stratagene lysed and subjected to mild fragmentation. Crosslinked RNA protein complexes were immunoprecipated using polyclonal Ybx1 antibody Abmax and protein A dynabeads. RNA was extracted and subjected to library construction using Smarter smRNA Seq kit Takara. All the libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 150 bp. GEO Accession:GSM3406901 RIP-Seq TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162876     RIP_4hpf_rep1_R1.fastq.gz RIP_4hpf_rep1_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 19929300600.0 66431002.0 GSM3406901 r1 0:150 1:150 A:5076575451;C:4235012507;G:4442151234;T:6170975339;N:4586069 150 150     5076575451 4235012507 4442151234 6170975339 4586069 SRX4776900 SRS3857440 SRA786939 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.27932 0.16557 0.06585 0.06178 0.95692 0.96844 0.94238 0.84334 150 150 B B mate2-mate1 similar by mapping diff illumina hiseq_era full_length random_priming smarter bulk clip iclip   China 2018-09-28 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49551 49551 SRR7942634 SRX4776899 SRS3857439 SRP162875 PRJNA493829 m5C profiles in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120645 Other Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 µl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. Overall design: Examination of m5C levels in zebrafish embryo.       MIX 2hpf m5C rep2 GSM3406900   source name:Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell|strain:AB strain and HeLa cell|cell type:Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo and HeLa cell MIX 2hpf m5C rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 and hg19 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 and hg19 Supplementary files format and content: m5C sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq   strain:AB strain and HeLa cell|cell type:Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo and HeLa cell GSM3406900 GSM3406900: MIX 2hpf m5C rep2; Danio rerio; Homo sapiens; OTHER GSM3406900   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq GEO Accession:GSM3406900 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162875     MIX_2hpf_rep2_m5C_R1.fastq.gz MIX_2hpf_rep2_m5C_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 20066397600.0 66887992.0 GSM3406900 r1 0:150 1:150 A:6550429117;C:3498357624;G:3788438779;T:6228759343;N:412737 150 150     6550429117 3498357624 3788438779 6228759343 412737 SRX4776899 SRS3857439 SRA786937 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.00028 0.00018 0.00017 8e-05 0.99965 0.99969 0.5 0.5 150 150 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2018-09-28 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49552 49552 SRR7942633 SRX4776898 SRS3857438 SRP162875 PRJNA493829 m5C profiles in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120645 Other Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 µl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. Overall design: Examination of m5C levels in zebrafish embryo.       MIX 2hpf m5C rep1 GSM3406899   source name:Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell|strain:AB strain and HeLa cell|cell type:Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo and HeLa cell MIX 2hpf m5C rep1 Reads were aligned to the zv9 and hg19 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 and hg19 Supplementary files format and content: m5C sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq   strain:AB strain and HeLa cell|cell type:Zebrafish embryo and HeLa cell|age:2 hpf|tissue:whole embryo and HeLa cell GSM3406899 GSM3406899: MIX 2hpf m5C rep1; Danio rerio; Homo sapiens; OTHER GSM3406899   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq GEO Accession:GSM3406899 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162875     MIX_2hpf_rep1_m5C_R1.fastq.gz MIX_2hpf_rep1_m5C_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 21831789600.0 72772632.0 GSM3406899 r1 0:150 1:150 A:7043335406;C:3923692693;G:4346641771;T:6517671372;N:448358 150 150     7043335406 3923692693 4346641771 6517671372 448358 SRX4776898 SRS3857438 SRA786937 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.00036 0.0003 0.00015 0.00011 0.99935 0.99941 0.69444 0.71875 150 150 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2018-09-28 Cleavage Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49553 49553 SRR7942632 SRX4776897 SRS3857437 SRP162875 PRJNA493829 m5C profiles in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120645 Other Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 µl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. Overall design: Examination of m5C levels in zebrafish embryo.       MO 4hpf m5C rep2 GSM3406898   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo MO 4hpf m5C rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 and hg19 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 and hg19 Supplementary files format and content: m5C sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406898 GSM3406898: MO 4hpf m5C rep2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3406898   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq GEO Accession:GSM3406898 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162875     MO_4hpf_rep2_m5C_R1.fastq.gz MO_4hpf_rep2_m5C_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 19819031400.0 66063438.0 GSM3406898 r1 0:150 1:150 A:6357324506;C:3487147288;G:3966459195;T:6007456296;N:644115 150 150     6357324506 3487147288 3966459195 6007456296 644115 SRX4776897 SRS3857437 SRA786937 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.0014 0.00114 0.00027 0.00025 0.99762 0.99801 0.66292 0.70748 150 150 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2018-09-28 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49554 49554 SRR7942631 SRX4776896 SRS3857436 SRP162875 PRJNA493829 m5C profiles in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120645 Other Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 µl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. Overall design: Examination of m5C levels in zebrafish embryo.       MO 4hpf m5C rep1 GSM3406897   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo MO 4hpf m5C rep1 Reads were aligned to the zv9 and hg19 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 and hg19 Supplementary files format and content: m5C sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:4 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406897 GSM3406897: MO 4hpf m5C rep1; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3406897   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq GEO Accession:GSM3406897 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162875     MO_4hpf_rep1_m5C_R1.fastq.gz MO_4hpf_rep1_m5C_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 16500000000.0 55000000.0 GSM3406897 r1 0:150 1:150 A:5651613714;C:2610003635;G:2915737396;T:5319502315;N:3142940 150 150     5651613714 2610003635 2915737396 5319502315 3142940 SRX4776896 SRS3857436 SRA786937 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.0007 0.00049 0.0002 0.00013 0.99853 0.99894 0.63829 0.46875 150 150 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2018-09-28 Blastula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures
49555 49555 SRR7942630 SRX4776895 SRS3857435 SRP162875 PRJNA493829 m5C profiles in zebrafish embryo sample. GSE120645 Other Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 µl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. Overall design: Examination of m5C levels in zebrafish embryo.       WT 6hpf m5C rep2 GSM3406896   source name:Zebrafish embryo|strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:6 hpf|tissue:whole embryo WT 6hpf m5C rep2 Reads were aligned to the zv9 and hg19 genome assembly using meRanTK v1.2.0 m5C sites were called by meRanCall v1.2.0 and annotated by applying BEDTools’ intersectBed. Genome build: zv9 and hg19 Supplementary files format and content: m5C sites in two biological replicates. Zebrafish embryo   Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq   strain:AB strain|cell type:Zebrafish embryo|age:6 hpf|tissue:whole embryo GSM3406896 GSM3406896: WT 6hpf m5C rep2; Danio rerio; OTHER GSM3406896   1 Total RNA was isolated from zebrafish embryos harvested at different stages using TRIzol® Reagent Ambion. mRNA was extracted with using Dynabeads® mRNA Purification Kit Ambion and subjected to TURBO™ DNase Invitrogen treatment at 37°C for 30 min and ethanol precipitation. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Thus purified mRNA was used for RNA BisSeq library construction. Around 200 ng mRNA premixed with the in vitro transcribed Dhfr mRNA at a ratio of 300:1 Dhfr mRNA serves as methylation conversion control was fragmented to 100 nt fragments for 1 min at 90°C in 10× RNA Fragmentation Reagent Ambion then stopped by 10× RNA stop solution Ambion and precipitated with 100% ethanol. The RNA pellet was resuspended in 100 µl bisulfite solution pH 5.1 which is a 100:1 mixture of 40% sodium bisulfite Sigma and 600 µM hydroquinone Sigma and subjected to heat incubation at 75°C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was desalted by passing through Nanosep with 3K Omega 500/pk columns PALL Corporation with centrifugation. post washed with nuclease free water and centrifuged for five times the RNA was finally disolved in 75 μl nuclease free water and then desulfonated by incubation with an equal volume of 1 M Tris HCl pH 9.0 at 75 °C for 1 h. post ethanol precipitation the RNA was resuspended in 11 µl of RNase free water and subjected to library construction. Reverse transcription was carried out with superscript II Reverse Transcriptase Invitrogen and ACT random hexamers. The following procedures were performed with the KAPA Stranded mRNA Seq Kit KAPA according to the manufacturer's instructions.Libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2500 Illumina in paired read mode creating reads with a length of 125 bp. RNA BisSeq GEO Accession:GSM3406896 OTHER TRANSCRIPTOMIC other PAIRED ILLUMINA Illumina HiSeq 2500   SRP162875     WT_6hpf_rep2_m5C_R1.fastq.gz WT_6hpf_rep2_m5C_R2.fastq.gz fastq fastq 19835440000.0 79341760.0 GSM3406896 r1 0:125 1:125 A:6759870592;C:3198281670;G:3585072759;T:6287844418;N:4370561 125 125     6759870592 3198281670 3585072759 6287844418 4370561 SRX4776895 SRS3857435 SRA786937 GEO Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 0.00127 0.00115 0.00035 0.00032 0.9987 0.99882 0.73913 0.76712 125 125 T T mates < 9% mapping rate illumina hiseq_era unknown random_priming unknown bulk unknown unknown   China 2018-09-28 Gastrula Embryo Whole Organism All anatomical structures

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CREATE TABLE run_metadata("run.accession" VARCHAR, "experiment.accession" VARCHAR, "sample.accession" VARCHAR, "study.accession" VARCHAR, bioproject VARCHAR, "study.title" VARCHAR, "study.alias" VARCHAR, "study.type" VARCHAR, "study.abstract" VARCHAR, "study.attributes" VARCHAR, "study.PMIDs" VARCHAR, "sample.description" VARCHAR, "sample.title" VARCHAR, "sample.alias" VARCHAR, "sample.centername" VARCHAR, "sample.attributes" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.title" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.dataprocessing" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.source" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.treatmentprotocol" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.extractprotocol" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.growthprotocol" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.characteristics" VARCHAR, "GEOsample.accession" VARCHAR, "experiment.title" VARCHAR, "experiment.alias" VARCHAR, "experiment.library_name" VARCHAR, "experiment.design_description" VARCHAR, "experiment.library_construction_protocol" VARCHAR, "experiment.attributes" VARCHAR, "experiment.library_strategy" VARCHAR, "experiment.library_source" VARCHAR, "experiment.library_selection" VARCHAR, "experiment.library_layout" VARCHAR, "experiment.platform" VARCHAR, "experiment.instrument_model" VARCHAR, "experiment.spot_descriptor" VARCHAR, "experiment.study_ref" VARCHAR, "run.title" VARCHAR, "run.attributes" VARCHAR, "run.filename" VARCHAR, "run.semantic_name" VARCHAR, "run.total_bases" DOUBLE, "run.total_spots" DOUBLE, "run.alias" VARCHAR, "run.read_lengths" VARCHAR, "run.base_counts" VARCHAR, "run.r1_length" BIGINT, "run.r2_length" BIGINT, "run.r3_length" BIGINT, "run.r4_length" BIGINT, "run.Acount" BIGINT, "run.Ccount" BIGINT, "run.Gcount" BIGINT, "run.Tcount" BIGINT, "run.Ncount" BIGINT, "run.experiment" VARCHAR, "run.pool_member" VARCHAR, "submission.accession" VARCHAR, "submission.srasource" VARCHAR, "submission.bioprojectsource" VARCHAR, "seqdetective.n_mates" BIGINT, "seqdetective.mapping_rate.mate1" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.mapping_rate.mate2" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.nofeature_rate.mate1" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.nofeature_rate.mate2" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.sparsity.mate1" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.sparsity.mate2" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.pos_strand_rate.mate1" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.pos_strand_rate.mate2" DOUBLE, "seqdetective.readlen.mate1" BIGINT, "seqdetective.readlen.mate2" BIGINT, "seqdetective.judgement.mate1" VARCHAR, "seqdetective.judgement.mate2" VARCHAR, "seqdetective.judgement.reason" VARCHAR, platform_family VARCHAR, instrument_generation VARCHAR, read_bias VARCHAR, selection_class VARCHAR, prep_kit VARCHAR, sc_or_bulk VARCHAR, tech_class VARCHAR, technology VARCHAR, tech_variant VARCHAR, "submission.bioprojectsource.country" VARCHAR, earliest_date DATE, devstage_curation VARCHAR, devstage_curation_coarse VARCHAR, tissue_curation VARCHAR, tissue_curation_coarse VARCHAR);;
CREATE INDEX idx_run_bioproject ON run_metadata(bioproject);;
CREATE INDEX idx_run_run_accession ON run_metadata("run.accession");;