{"database": "metadata", "table": "run_metadata", "rows": [[26498, "SRR26044614", "SRX21761587", "SRS18868294", "SRP459729", "PRJNA1015262", "Rtf1 dependent transcriptional pausing regulates cardiogenesis", "PRJNA1015262", "Other", "During heart development  an evolutionarily conserved network of cardiac transcription factors collaborate to define the precise timing and location of cardiac progenitor specification. Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiac progenitor specification is subject to transcriptional control beyond the level of transcription initiation. The PAF1C component Rtf1 is a multifunctional transcription regulatory protein that modulates pausing and elongation of RNA Pol II  as well as histone epigenetic modifications. By transient knockdown and CRISPR mutagenesis  we found that Rtf1 is essential for cardiogenesis and that without xxx activity  cardiac progenitors arrest in an immature state. This role in early cardiogenesis was evolutionarily conserved between fish and mammals. We also found that Rtf1's Plus3 domain  which confers interaction with the pausing/elongation factor Spt5  was required for Rtf1's ability to support cardiac progenitor formation  while other regions of the protein were dispensable. We examined the occupancy of RNA Pol II at cardiac genes in rtf1 morphants using ChIP seq and found that Pol II signals at the TSS of genes was reduced  suggesting a reduction in transcriptional pausing. Intriguingly  pharmacological or morpholino antisense reduction of pause release in rtf1 morphants and mutants restored the formation of cardiac cells and improved Pol II occupancy at the TSS of key cardiac genes. Our findings highlight the crucial role that transcriptional pausing plays in promoting normal levels of gene expression in a cardiac developmental context.", null, null, null, null, "Control single cell Multiome GEX 11 12 somite stage", null, "strain:AB|age:11 12 somite stage|collection date:2021 03 10|geo loc name:USA:California Los Angeles|sex:n/a|tissue:whole embryo|morpholino:uninjected|assay:GEX|BioSampleModel:Model organism or animal", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, "10x single cell multiome analysis of 11 12 somite stage zebrafish embryos: single cell RNA seq", "GEX WT", "GEX WT", "Chromium Next GEM Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression Kit", null, null, "RNA-Seq", "TRANSCRIPTOMIC SINGLE CELL", "Oligo-dT", "PAIRED", "ILLUMINA", "Illumina NovaSeq 6000", null, "SRP459729", null, null, "WT_3GEX_S1_L001_I1_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L001_I2_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L002_I1_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L002_I2_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz WT_3GEX_S1_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz", "fastq fastq fastq fastq fastq fastq fastq fastq", 24359922978.0, 176521181.0, "WT 3GEX S1 L001 I1 001.fastq.gz", "0:10 1:10 2:28 3:90", "A:4802729436;C:3179460152;G:3468651943;T:4435697892;N:366867", 10, 10, 28, 90, 4802729436, 3179460152, 3468651943, 4435697892, 366867, "SRX21761587", "SRS18868294", "SRA1710658", "University of California, Los Angeles|Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology", "University of California, Los Angeles", 1, 0.89475, null, 0.37342, null, 0.75668, null, 0.45872, null, 90, null, "B", null, "usable mapping rate", "illumina", "novaseq_era", "unknown", "poly_a", "unknown", "sc", "single_cell_droplet", "10x", null, "United States", "2023-09-12", "Segmentation", "Embryo", "Whole Organism", "All anatomical structures"]], "columns": ["rowid", "run.accession", "experiment.accession", "sample.accession", "study.accession", "bioproject", "study.title", "study.alias", "study.type", "study.abstract", "study.attributes", "study.PMIDs", "sample.description", "sample.title", "sample.alias", "sample.centername", "sample.attributes", "GEOsample.title", "GEOsample.dataprocessing", "GEOsample.source", "GEOsample.treatmentprotocol", "GEOsample.extractprotocol", "GEOsample.growthprotocol", "GEOsample.characteristics", "GEOsample.accession", "experiment.title", "experiment.alias", "experiment.library_name", "experiment.design_description", "experiment.library_construction_protocol", "experiment.attributes", "experiment.library_strategy", "experiment.library_source", "experiment.library_selection", "experiment.library_layout", "experiment.platform", "experiment.instrument_model", "experiment.spot_descriptor", "experiment.study_ref", "run.title", "run.attributes", "run.filename", "run.semantic_name", "run.total_bases", "run.total_spots", "run.alias", "run.read_lengths", "run.base_counts", "run.r1_length", "run.r2_length", "run.r3_length", "run.r4_length", "run.Acount", "run.Ccount", "run.Gcount", "run.Tcount", "run.Ncount", "run.experiment", "run.pool_member", "submission.accession", "submission.srasource", "submission.bioprojectsource", "seqdetective.n_mates", "seqdetective.mapping_rate.mate1", "seqdetective.mapping_rate.mate2", "seqdetective.nofeature_rate.mate1", "seqdetective.nofeature_rate.mate2", "seqdetective.sparsity.mate1", "seqdetective.sparsity.mate2", "seqdetective.pos_strand_rate.mate1", "seqdetective.pos_strand_rate.mate2", "seqdetective.readlen.mate1", "seqdetective.readlen.mate2", "seqdetective.judgement.mate1", "seqdetective.judgement.mate2", "seqdetective.judgement.reason", "platform_family", "instrument_generation", "read_bias", "selection_class", "prep_kit", "sc_or_bulk", "tech_class", "technology", "tech_variant", "submission.bioprojectsource.country", "earliest_date", "devstage_curation", "devstage_curation_coarse", "tissue_curation", "tissue_curation_coarse"], "primary_keys": ["rowid"], "primary_key_values": ["26498"], "units": {}, "query_ms": 14.34889800293604}